三氟乙酸是许多有机化合物的良好溶剂，如与二硫化碳合用，可溶解蛋白质。它也是有机反应的优良溶剂，可获得在一般溶剂中难以获得的结果，例如喹啉在一般溶剂中催化氢化时，吡啶环优先氢化，但在三氟乙酸中苯环优先氢化。三氟乙酸在苯胺存在下分解成氟仿和二氧化碳。 管制信息 三氟乙酸（*） 本品根据《危险化学品安全管理条例》 受公安部门管制 名称 中文名称：三氟乙酸 中文别名：三氟醋酸 英文别名：Trifluoroaceticacid，Trifluoroethanoicacid，Perfluoroaceticacid，TFA 化学式 CF3COOHC2HF3O2 相对分子质量 114.02 性状 无色液体。有辛辣气味。有吸湿性。能发烟。是一种强而非氧化性的酸。能与乙醚、丙酮、乙醇、苯、四氯化碳和己烷混溶。相对密度(d20)1.5351。熔点-15.4℃。沸点72.4℃。折光率(n20D)1.2850。有毒，半数致死量(小鼠，静脉)1200mg/kg。有腐蚀性。 储存 密封阴凉干燥保存。 用途 有机合成。催化剂。溶剂。与液体二氧化硫混和用以溶解蛋白质。分光光度分析。蛋白质顺序分析。 安全措施 密闭包装，并贮于干燥通风处。与食用化学品，碱类、氧化剂、还原剂等分储分运。误食，用水漱口，饮牛奶或蛋清。 国标编号 81102 联合国编号2699 CAS号 76-05-1 中文名称 三氟乙酸 英文名称 trifluoroacetic acid 英文简称 TFA 别 名 三氟醋酸 分子式 C2HF3O2；F3CCOOH 外观与性状 无色有强烈刺激气味的发烟液 体 结构式 分子量 114.03 饱和蒸汽压(kPa)： 13．73/25℃ 熔 点 -15.2℃ 沸点：72.4℃ 溶解性 易溶于水、乙醇、乙醚、丙酮、苯 密 度 相对密度(水=1)1.5351 相对密度(空气=1)3.9 稳定性 稳定 危险性类别 第8类腐蚀品 主要用途 用作医药农药、实验试剂、溶剂、催化剂及用于有机合成 产地：济南-济阳-万兴达（张佳） 包装要求 250公斤衬塑铁桶 Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is the simplest stable perfluorinated carboxylic acid chemical compound, with the formula CF3CO2H. It is a strong carboxylic acid due to the influence of the electronegative trifluoromethyl group. TFA is almost 100,000-fold more acidic than acetic acid. TFA is widely used in organic chemistry.
SynthesisTFA occurs naturally in sea water, but only in small concentrations (<200 ng/L). Therefore, TFA is prepared industrially by the electrofluorination of acetyl chloride and acetic anhydride, followed by hydrolysis of the resulting trifluoroacetyl fluoride:
CH3COCl + 4 HF → CF3COF + 3 H2 + HCl CF3COF + H2O → CF3COOH + HF Where desired, this compound may be dried by addition of trifluoroacetic anhydride.
An older route to TFA proceeds via the oxidation of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,3,3-trichloropropene with potassium permanganate. The trifluorotrichloropropene can be prepared by Swarts fluorination of hexachloropropene.
UsesTFA is the precursor to many other fluorinated compounds such as trifluoroacetic anhydride and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. It is a reagent used in organic synthesis because of a combination of convenient properties: volatility, solubility in organic solvents, and its strength as an acid. TFA is also less oxidizing than sulfuric acid but more readily available in anhydrous form than many other acids. One complication to its use is that TFA forms an azeotrope with water (b. p. 105 °C).
TFA is popularly used as a strong acid in peptide synthesis and other organic synthesis to remove the t-butoxycarbonyl protecting group.
At a low concentration, TFA is used as an ion pairing agent in liquid chromatography (HPLC) of organic compounds, particularly peptides and small proteins. TFA is a versatile solvent for NMR spectroscopy (for materials stable in acid). It is also used as a calibrant in mass spectrometry.
